Erzurum, located on a vast plateau and being the largest province in Eastern Anatolia, has evolved into a significant transportation center for those traveling to the eastern part of Turkey. The city boasts a rich history that dates back to 4000 BC, with numerous civilizations leaving behind their legacy, including the well-preserved Byzantine city walls. The Erzurum Museum houses a majority of the historical artifacts discovered in the region.
Over time, Erzurum has been taken and governed by various empires, including the Hurrians, Urartians, Cimmerians, Scythians, Medes, Persians, Romans (Byzantines), Sassanids, Arabs/Mongols, Ilhanids, and Safavids, before finally being conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1514. The city has been a strategic point in various conflicts and was fortified by the Ottomans in the 19th century as a defense against Russia. In 1919, Atatürk initiated the War of Independence in this city by assembling a congress of national delegates, marking the beginning of Turkey’s struggle for independence and unity.
Visitors can explore the Üç Kümbetler (Three Tombs) and the Hatuniye Tomb, both of which are well-preserved burial sites. The nearby 13th-century Yakutiye Medrese, renowned for its stunning entrance and intricately-tiled minaret, is considered one of the most significant historical landmarks in Erzurum. The Lala Mustafa Pasa Mosque, designed by the famous architect Sinan in the 1600s, is also a must-see, along with other historical monuments in the area, such as the Aziziye Monument and the Bell Tower.
For nature lovers, Lake Tortum, located 120 kilometers away from Erzurum, is a popular spot. In addition, Mount Palandoken offers excellent opportunities for winter sports.
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