Sultan Bayezid II Mosque and Complex The Sultan Bayezid II Mosque and Complex stands as a notable example of Ottoman architecture, consisting of a mosque, accommodation facilities, a madrasah, a hospital, and a soup kitchen-cellar used for storing provisions. At the center of the complex lies the darussifa (hospital) and the madrasah, which functioned together as a medical school. Additional structures were built to support the hospital’s mission in cultural, religious, financial, and social aspects. The Bayezid Khan Bridge, built over the Tunca River, served to link the complex with the city. The construction was initiated in 1484 on the orders of Sultan Bayezid II. Although there is some debate about the identity of the architect, many scholars attribute the design to Hayrettin, a prominent architect recognized for his contributions during Bayezid II's reign. The Darüşşifa, which formed the core medical facility of the complex, is regarded as one of the earliest examples in both Islamic and European traditions to implement a "central system" in healthcare. Its design includes a central hexagonal treatment space topped with a large dome, surrounded by medical units placed around two interlinked courtyards. This thoughtful arrangement ensured efficient healthcare delivery and emphasized preventive medicine. Notably, the smallpox vaccine administered to children at Darüşşifa was later introduced to England by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, who encountered the practice during her stay in the Ottoman Empire and helped popularize it in Europe. The Sultan Bayezid II Complex is recognized as an early and innovative model of modern hospital architecture, integrating sophisticated solutions for ventilation, natural lighting, and sound insulation. It also included essential medical units such as a polyclinic section, inpatient wards, a laboratory, and various storage areas. At the heart of the complex stands the mosque, crowned with an impressive dome spanning 20.55 meters in diameter. Unlike typical single-domed mosques that utilize a foot-column system, this dome rests directly atop the walls, resulting in a calm and harmonious interior atmosphere. To the right of the mihrab is the mahfil—a space reserved for royal use—supported by large marble columns. The mosque's wooden doors and windows feature exquisite craftsmanship, highlighting the artistry in its fine detailing. Due to its outstanding architectural and historical value, the Sultan Bayezid II Mosque and Complex was officially included in UNESCO's Tentative List in 2016. If you have any questions or need further information about the Sultan Bayezid II Mosque and Complex, please feel free to contact us at [email protected] or reach out to us via WhatsApp. We are happy to assist you as quickly as possible.