Pamukkale, which means “Cotton Castle” in Turkish, is one of Turkey’s most fascinating sites and was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988.
The travertine terraces are unique natural formations created by thermal springs with a temperature of approximately 35 degrees Celsius. The water from these springs is rich in calcium bicarbonate, chalk, and limestone. These minerals deposit over time, causing the travertines to flow down the slopes in a manner that resembles a frozen waterfall.
Pamukkale is an extraordinary landscape with a dreamlike appearance unlike any other place in Turkey. It is located about 2 hours from the ancient city of Ephesus. The area is also served by an airport just a 45-minute drive from the terraces, with multiple daily flights from Istanbul.
The nearby Hierapolis Ancient City was established in the 2nd century B.C. and was an important Roman city, mainly due to its thermal springs. It was historically used as a healing center. The city holds the largest necropolis (cemetery) in Anatolia, containing around 1,200 tombs. What sets Hierapolis apart are the impressive limestone and marble tombs, sarcophagi, and house-style tombs. The site also features a theater with a seating capacity of 20,000 and the St. Philip Martyrium.
The Pamukkale region offers a wealth of attractions, so we have prepared a list of various excursions for you to explore further.