Istanbul, formerly known as Constantinople, has a rich and layered history that stretches back to around 3000 BC. In the 7th century BC, Greek settlers led by King Byzas established a colony on the Bosphorus, naming it after the ancient Greek city. This area is now referred to as the Old City of Istanbul, a historic heart that still draws countless visitors.
By the 1st century BC, Byzantium became part of the expanding Roman Empire. In AD 306, Emperor Constantine the Great chose it as the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, and the city was renamed Constantinople. From then on, it flourished as a key political, religious, and cultural hub.
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, Constantinople continued to thrive as the capital of the Byzantine Empire. Despite enduring destruction during the reign of Justinian I (532–565) and suffering extensive damage during the Fourth Crusade in 1204, the city was rebuilt and remained resilient.
In 1453, the city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks under Sultan Mehmet II, marking the end of the Byzantine Empire. Renamed Istanbul, it became the final and most influential capital of the Ottoman Empire, serving as a major center for culture, politics, and military strategy for centuries.
Today, Istanbul is one of the most vibrant and populous cities in Europe, with over 15 million residents. Although Ankara became the capital with the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 under Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Istanbul remains Turkey’s cultural and economic powerhouse. The city offers a fascinating blend of Eastern and Western influences, ancient heritage, and modern energy.
Travelers to Istanbul can enjoy a wide variety of daily tours, private guided experiences, and cultural activities. From iconic landmarks like Hagia Sophia, Topkapi Palace, and the Blue Mosque to hidden gems in bustling neighborhoods, the city offers endless possibilities for exploration. Below, you'll find a curated list of recommended tours and things to do in Istanbul.