The ancient city of Ephesus, situated close to the Aegean coast, was among the most prominent Greek cities in Anatolia and famously hosted the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The archaeological remains of Ephesus attract numerous visitors and are considered a significant Christian pilgrimage site, being linked to biblical figures like St. Paul, St. John the Evangelist, and the Virgin Mary. Ephesus is also recognized as one of the seven churches mentioned in the Book of Revelation. During the Roman era, its population exceeded 250,000 in the 1st century BC, making it one of the major urban centers of the ancient Mediterranean.
Ephesus has always been a notable hub throughout its history. In the ancient world, it served as a ; during the rise of early Christianity, it became a ; and today, it stands as a drawing visitors from around the globe.
Pergamon, also known as Pergamum, was a highly significant ancient Greek city that once had a population of around 70,000 people, making it comparable in size to the Ancient City of Ephesus. While Pergamon had existed since at least the 5th century BC, it gained major prominence in the 3rd century BC under the rule of the Attalid Dynasty.