Didyma - Didymaion The Temple of Apollo at Didyma, also referred to as the Didymaion, was the fourth largest temple in the ancient Greek world. Its oracle held immense prestige, considered second only to the one at Delphi, and had a profound effect on both the spiritual and political decisions of Miletus and the wider Mediterranean. Numerous prominent leaders, such as Alexander the Great (356–323 BCE) and Emperor Diocletian (244–313 CE), consulted the oracle at Didyma. The oracle was instrumental in launching the Great Persecution of Christians during Diocletian’s reign. Later, the temple was converted into a Christian church, possibly as early as the 5th or 6th century CE, although the exact date remains uncertain. Situated near a natural spring believed to provide its prophetic abilities, the Didymaion replaced an earlier, more modest structure constructed by the people of Miletus in the 6th century BCE. This new and grander sanctuary was eventually destroyed—either by Persian King Darius in 496 BCE or during Xerxes’ invasion in 480 BCE. Legend claims the sacred spring dried up until Alexander the Great passed through the area in 331 BCE, at which point the spring began to flow again, restoring the site's divine essence. The first known prophetic messages from the revived oracle were reportedly in favor of the young Macedonian ruler. The Political & Religious Importance of the Didymaion In ancient times, when religion and politics were closely connected, the Temple of Apollo at Didyma held an influential role in both domains. This sacred site was the center of many religious practices, including festivals, ritual sacrifices (often involving animals), and votive offerings. It also had a notable impact on Milesian legislation and civic matters, even offering a form of spiritual protection against threats. Due to the temple's prominence, the title of high priest was regarded as both prestigious and highly desirable. Elected annually, the role was often filled by a wealthy and well-connected aristocrat from Miletus, someone heavily involved in local commerce and governance. One of the high priest's key duties was to fund the activities and maintenance of the sanctuary. The temple’s prestige was so great that several Roman emperors—including Trajan, Hadrian, and Julian—held this position, underscoring its significance in both religious and political life across Miletus and the greater Mediterranean region. If you have any questions or inquiries regarding Didyma - Didymaion, please don't hesitate to contact us at [email protected] or simply message us via Whatsapp, and we will respond as soon as possible.